Accurate referencing doesn’t only help protect your work from plagiarism – presenting your source material in a consistent and clear way also enhances the readability of your work. Closely follow the Harvard referencing system and NCAD formatting rules on font type, font size, text-alignment and line spacing to ensure that your work is easily legible. Before submitting your work check that you have formatted your whole paper – including your reference list – according to the style’s formatting guidelines.
Essays should be uploaded to your online learning platform (Canvas or Google Classroom). The title page should follow the template provided by the School (available for download from the NCAD website). Please go to this page on the college website to download the Cover Page.
Bibliography examples:
Books
Author (or editor), (year of publication in parenthesis), Title in Italics. Place of publication: publisher.
Example 1 Poyner, R. (1998) Design without Boundaries. London: Booth-Clibborn Editions.
Example 2 Wells, L. (ed.) (2004) Photography: A Critical Introduction. 3rd ed. London: Routledge
Theses
A reference for a thesis should give Author (Year of Publication) Title of Thesis in Italics. Degree statement. Degree awarding body.
Example Clancy, L. (2008) Dead air: live art; schizophrenia and double coding in broadcast radio. Unpublished PhD thesis. National University of Ireland.
Films
For films the citation order is as follows: Title of film (Year of Distribution) Director [Material designation]. Place of distribution: Distribution Company.
Example 1 Macbeth (1948) Directed by Orson Welles [Film]. USA: Republic Pictures.
Web Resources
For websites, web pages or e-books, cite as much of the following as possible: author/ editor’s name, (year in parenthesis), Title in Italics. Place of Publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: URL (Accessed: date) References to material from the internet in the main body of the thesis should be made in the same way as for other material, e.g. (Holland, 2004)
Holland, M. (2004) Guide to Citing Internet Sources. Poole: Bournemouth University. Available at: http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk.library/using/guide_to_citing_internet_sources. html (Accessed: 4 November 2004)
Online Article:
Shakoor, S., Jaffee, S.R., Bowes, L., Ouellet-Morin, l., Andreou, P., Happé, F., Moffitt, T.E. and Arseneault, L. (2011) ‘A prospective longitudinal study of children’s theory of mind and adolescent involvement in bullying’, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(3), pp. 254–261. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02488.x.
Conference papers:
Drogen, E. (2014) ‘Changing how we think about war: The role of psychology’, The British Psychological Society 2014 annual conference. The ICC, Birmingham British Psychological Society, 07-09 May 2014.
Web pages with one author:
Raiford, T. (2015) 20 amazing dog breeds from England. Available at https://puppytoob.com/ (Accessed: 6 November 2019).
If your web page is missing the date of publication, or information about when it was last updated, place (no date) directly after the author’s name. Make sure to include the accessed date at the end of the reference.
Blogs:
Butterfield, L. (2019) ‘Research spotlight: I want to get high enough up the chain to pull others over the wall with me’, Oxford science blog, 1 November. Available at: http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/science-blog (Accessed 5 November 2019).
When referencing blog posts, the year of publication is placed in parentheses directly after the author of the posting. The day and month of publication are placed in the reference after the title of the blog site. Make sure to include the accessed date at the end of the reference as well.
If the author uses a pseudonym, use it in the author’s position. Do not attempt to seek out the author’s full name. Remember, the goal of a reference is to make it simple for the reader of your work to seek out the source for themselves.
Social Media Posts
Whilst scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles, books, conference papers, and research reports are considered high-quality source materials, it is not uncommon to come across social media posts featured and discussed in projects. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram provide easy access to information on a number of personally owned devices. In addition, they promote interaction among its participants, thus allowing for deliberation and debate.
When creating a reference for a social media post, it is recommended to include the main URL of the social media platform, not the URL of the individual post. This prevents readers from clicking on links that may lead to a blocked post behind a private account.
Do not include the content of the individual post in the full reference. If the reader strives to see the contents of the post in its entirety, the information provided in both the text and on the final page of the project provide enough information for the reader to locate it on their own.
John, E. (2019) [Facebook] 31 October. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/EltonJohn/ (Accessed 12 November 2019).
Rushdie, S. (2019) [Twitter] 10 October. Available at: https://twitter.com/SalmanRushdie (Accessed 2 November 2019).